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Silicon-cell Pyranometer Support

Introduction
Specifications
Videos
Case Studies
Product Manuals
Spec Sheets
Technical Drawings
Helpful Articles & Links
FAQs
Application Information
Software & Datalogger Programs
Recalibration & Repair

 

Silicon-cell Pyranometer Introduction

Solar radiation at Earth's surface is typically defined as total radiation across a wavelength rage of 280 to 4000 nm (shortwave radiation). Total solar radiation, direct beam and diffuse, incident on a horizontal surface is defined as global shortwave radiation, or shortwave irradiance (incident radiant flux), and is expressed in Watts per square meter (W m-2, equal to Joules per second per square meter).

Pyranometers are sensors that measure global shortwave radiation. Apogee series pyranometers are silicon-cell pyranometers, and are only sensitive to a portion of the solar spectrum, approximately 350-1100 nm (approximately 80 % of total shortwave radiation is within this range). However, silicon-cell pyranometers are calibrated to estimate total shortwave radiation across the entire solar spectrum. Silicon-cell pyranometer specifications meet the International Organization of Standardization (ISO) 9060:2018 Class C requirements.

Apogee Instruments SP series pyranometers consist of a cast acrylic diffuser (filter), photodiode, and signal processing circuitry mounted in an anodized aluminum housing, and a cable to connect the sensor to a measurement device. Sensors are potted solid with no internal air space and are designed for continuous total shortwave radiation measurement on a planar surface in outdoor environments. SP series sensors output an analog voltage that is directly proportional to total shortwave radiation from the sun. The voltage signal from the sensor is directly proportional to radiation incident on a planar surface (does not have to be horizontal), where the radiation emanates from all angles of a hemisphere.

 

Silicon-cell Pyranometer Specifications
Specifications Icon
  SP-110-SS SP-212-SS SP-214-SS SP-215-SS SP-230-SS SP-420 SP-421-SS SP-422-SS
ISO 9060:2018 Class C (fast response) Class C (fast response) Class C (fast response) Class C (fast response) Class C (fast response) Class C (fast response) Class C (fast response) Class C (fast response)
Power Supply Self-powered 5 to 24 V DC 7 to 24 V DC 5.5 to 24 V DC 12 V DC for heater 5 V 5.5 to 24 V DC 5.5 to 24 V DC
Current Draw - 300 µA 22 mA maximum; 2 mA quiescent 300 µA 15.4 mA 61 mA when logging 1.5 mA (quiescent); 1.9 mA (active) RS-232 37 mA;
RS-485 quiescent 37 mA, active 42 mA
Output (Sensitivity) 0.2 mV per W m-2 1.25 mV per W m-2 0.008 mA per W m-2 2.5 mV per W m-2 0.2 mV per W m-2 - - -
Output Type 0 to 400 mV 0 to 2.5 V 4 to 20 mA 0 to 5 V 0 to 400 mV USB SDI-12 Modbus
Resolution - - - - - 0.1 W m-2 - -
Calibration Factor (Reciprocal of Output) 5 W m-2 per mV 0.8 W m-2 per mV 125 W m-2 per mA, 4 mA offset 0.4 W m-2 per mV 5 W m-2 per mV Custom for each sensor and stored in the firmware Custom for each sensor and stored in the firmware Custom for each sensor and stored in the firmware
Calibration Uncertainty at 1000 W m-2 Less than 3 % Less than 3 % Less than 3 % Less than 3 % Less than 3 % Less than 3 % Less than 3 % Less than 3 %
Measurement Repeatability Less than 1 % Less than 1 % Less than 1 % Less than 1 % Less than 1 % Less than 1 % Less than 1 % Less than 1 %
Long-term Drift Less than 2 % per year Less than 2 % per year Less than 2 % per year Less than 2 % per year Less than 2 % per year Less than 2 % per year Less than 2 % per year Less than 2 % per year
Non-linearity Less than 1 % up to 2000 W m-2 Less than 1 % up to 2000 W m-2 Less than 1 % up to 2000 W m-2 Less than 1 % up to 2000 W m-2 Less than 1 % up to 2000 W m-2 Less than 1 % up to 2000 W m-2 Less than 1 % up to 2000 W m-2 Less than 1 % up to 2000 W m-2
Response Time Less than 1 ms Less than 1 ms Less than 1 ms Less than 1 ms Less than 1 ms Software updates every second Less than 0.6 s Less than 200 ms
Field of View 180° 180° 180° 180° 180° 180° 180° 180°
Spectral Range 360 to 1120 nm 360 to 1120 nm 360 to 1120 nm 360 to 1120 nm 360 to 1120 nm 360 to 1120 nm 360 to 1120 nm 360 to 1120 nm
Directional (Cosine) Response ± 5 % at 75° zenith angle ± 5 % at 75° zenith angle ± 5 % at 75° zenith angle ± 5 % at 75° zenith angle ± 5 % at 75° zenith angle ± 5 % at 75° zenith angle ± 5 % at 75° zenith angle ± 5 % at 75° zenith angle
Temperature Response 0.04 ± 0.04 % per C 0.04 ± 0.04 % per C 0.04 ± 0.04 % per C 0.04 ± 0.04 % per C 0.04 ± 0.04 % per C 0.04 ± 0.04 % per C 0.04 ± 0.04 % per C 0.04 ± 0.04 % per C
Operating Environment -40 to 70 C; 0 to 100 % relative humidity; can be submerged in water up to depths of 30 m -40 to 70 C; 0 to 100 % relative humidity; can be submerged in water up to depths of 30 m -40 to 70 C; 0 to 100 % relative humidity; can be submerged in water up to depths of 30 m -40 to 70 C; 0 to 100 % relative humidity; can be submerged in water up to depths of 30 m -40 to 70 C; 0 to 100 % relative humidity; can be submerged in water up to depths of 30 m -40 to 70 C; 0 to 100 % relative humidity; can be submerged in water up to depths of 30 m -40 to 70 C; 0 to 100 % relative humidity; can be submerged in water up to depths of 30 m -40 to 70 C; 0 to 100 % relative humidity; can be submerged in water up to depths of 30 m
Dimensions 24 mm diameter, 33 mm height 30.5 mm diameter, 37 mm height 30.5 mm diameter, 37 mm height 30.5 mm diameter, 37 mm height 24 mm diameter, 33 mm height 24 mm diameter, 33 mm height 30.5 mm diameter, 37 mm height 30.5 mm diameter, 37 mm height
Mass (with 5 m of cable) 90 g 140 g 140 g 140 g 90 g 90 g 140 g 140 g

 

Silicon-cell Pyranometer Videos
Videos Icon

How to Choose a Pyranometer

If you can't access the video via Youtube, click here.

Lecture 3-Shortwave Radiation and Pyranometers

Introducing Apogee's PV Monitoring Package

If you can't access the video via Youtube, click here.

Silicon-cell Pyranometers

If you can't access the video via Youtube, click here.

SP-230 All-Season Pyranometer Time Lapse

If you can't access the video via Youtube, click here.

Pyranometer User's Guide

If you can't access the video via Youtube, click here.

Connecting an SP-214-SS Pyranometer Serial Numbers 9898 and Above to an SMA Cluster Controller

If you can't access the video via Youtube, click here.

 

Silicon-cell Pyranometer Case Studies
Case Studies Icon
About Silicon-cell Pyranometers

Solar radiation at Earth's surface is typically defined as total radiation across a wavelength range of 280 to 4000 nm (shortwave radiation). Total solar radiation, direct beam and diffuse, incident on a horizontal surface is defined as global shortwave radiation, or shortwave irradiance (incident radiant flux), and is expressed in Watts per square meter (W m-2).

Pyranometers are sensors that measure global shortwave radiation. Apogee Instruments offers both silicon-cell and black-body thermopile pyranometers. Silicon-cell pyranometers are only sensitive to a portion of the solar spectrum, approximately 360 to 1100 nm (approximately 80 % of total shortwave radiation is within this range).

Typical Applications

Typical applications of silicon-cell pyranometers include:

• Agricultural weather networks

• Ecological weather networks

• Hydrological weather networks

• Solar panel arrays

Cyanobacterial bloom
Cyanobacterial Blooms in Lake Champlain
Cyanobacterial blooms in Lake Champlain were monitored using an Apogee pyranometer and UV-A sensor.
Read More >
PDF >
Cut flowers
Salinity Sensitivity of Anemone and Ranunculus Flowers
Apogee’s pyranometer, full-spectrum quantum meter, and chlorophyll concentration meter were used to study the salinity sensitivity of anemone and ranunculus flowers.
Read More >
PDF >
Estimating Chlorophyll with NDVI
Estimating Chlorophyll with NDVI
Researchers used Apogee Instruments' NDVI sensors, SP-230, and an MC-100 to determine if NDVI sensors can be used to estimate the relative chlorophyll content of buffaloberry plants.
Read More >
PDF >
Irrigated field
Crop Water Stress Index Baselines for Corn and Soybeans
Apogee Instruments’ pyranometers and infrared radiometers are used to determine crop water stress index baselines for corn and soybeans.
Read More >
PDF >
Irrigation Study
Irrigation and Solar Radiation in Orchards
Apogee silicon-cell pyranometers are mounted on model train to collect measurements for irrigation study conducted in an orchard in Spain.
Read More >
PDF >
Google's Project Loon
Apogee's SP-230 heated pyranometer was selected to monitor PV panels on Project Loon
Read More >
PDF >
Monitoring PV Panels on Jin Jeop Library
SP-110's are integrated as part of a PV monitoring system for a PV power generation facility on the roof of the Jin Jeop library in Korea.
Read More >
PDF >
Solar Power Plants on Lakes and Dams
Studying solar radiation at different angles to determine locations for solar power plants.
Read More >
PDF >

 

Silicon-cell Pyranometer Product Manuals
Product Manuals Icon
SP-110-SS
SP-212-SS
SP-214-SS
SP-215-SS
SP-230-SS
SP-420-USB
SP-421-SS
SP-422-SS
MP-100
MP-200

 

Silicon-cell Pyranometer Specification Sheets
Specification Sheets Icon
SP-110-SS
SP-212-SS
SP-214-SS
SP-215-SS
SP-230-SS
SP-420-USB
SP-421-SS
SP-422-SS
MP-100
MP-200

 

Silicon-cell Pyranometer Technical Drawings
Technical Drawings Icon
SP-110-SS
SP-212-SS
SP-214-SS
SP-215-SS
SP-230-SS
SP-420-USB
SP-421-SS
SP-422-SS
MP-100
MP-200

 

  Helpful Articles and Links

   Solar Energy, PV Monitoring

   Solar, Net, and Photosynthetic Radiation - ASA Agroclimatology

   Low Light Calibration Error Notice

   How to connect an Apogee SP-214 Pyranometer to an SMA Cluster Controller

   Amplified Sensors Explained

   Reference Pyranometer Traceability

   Apogee Meter Tips and Troubleshooting

   Using the Clear Sky Calculator

   Timeline of Apogee Pyranometer Improvements

Journal Articles

   Variable Upper and Lower Crop Water Stress Index Baselines for Corn and Soybean

   Photophysiology and Albedo Changing Potential of the Ice Algal Community on the Surface of the Greenland Ice Sheet

   Implications of Mountain Shading on Calculating Energy for Snowmelt using Unstructed Triangular Mesh

   A Novel Integrated Solar Desalination System with a Pulsating Heat Pipe

   Quantifying Cooling Effects of Facade Greening: Shading, Transpiration and Insulation

   Understanding how the Components of a Synthetic Turf System Contribute to Increased Surface Temperature

   Development of a Real-time Irrigation Control System Considering Transpiration, Substrate Electrical Conductivity, and Drainage Rate of Nutrient Solutions in Soilless Culture of Paprika

   Water Use of Juniperus Virginiana Trees Encroached into Mesi Praireis in Oklahoma, USA

 

 FAQs
For FAQs Click Here

 

Silicon-cell Pyranometer Software & Datalogger Programs
Specification Sheets Icon
Sample Datalogger Programs

Programs are in .CR1X format and can be downloaded for use with Campbell Scientific dataloggers. Right click and select "Save target as..." or an equivalent command in your browser. They can also be viewed using Wordpad or other text viewers.

Note: In 2020 the CR1000 Campbell Scientific datalogger was discontinued. Click here to access the discontinued .CR1 format sample datalogger programs >

Silicon-cell Pyranometer - Unamplified >
Silicon-cell Pyranometer - Amplified >
Silicon-cell Pyranometer - SDI-12 >
Silicon-cell Pyranometer - Modbus >

 

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MP-100: Pyranometer Integral Sensor with Handheld Meter
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MP-100: Pyranometer Integral Sensor with Handheld Meter

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MP-200: Pyranometer Separate Sensor with Handheld Meter
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MP-200: Pyranometer Separate Sensor with Handheld Meter

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SP-110-SS: Self-Powered Pyranometer
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SP-110-SS: Self-Powered Pyranometer

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SP-212-SS: Amplified 0-2.5 Volt Pyranometer
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SP-212-SS: Amplified 0-2.5 Volt Pyranometer

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SP-214-SS Amplified 4-20 Milliamp Pyranometer
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SP-214-SS Amplified 4-20 Milliamp Pyranometer

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SP-215-SS: Amplified 0-5 Volt Pyranometer
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SP-215-SS: Amplified 0-5 Volt Pyranometer

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Apogee Instruments SP-230 All-season Heated Pyranometer
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SP-230-SS: All-Season Heated Pyranometer

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SP-420 Smart Pyranometer | USB Output
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SP-420 Smart Pyranometer | USB Output

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SP-421-SS SDI-12 Digital Output Silicon-cell Pyranometer
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SP-421-SS SDI-12 Digital Output Silicon-cell Pyranometer

$409.00
SP-422-SS Modbus Digital Output Silicon-cell Pyranometer
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SP-422-SS Modbus Digital Output Silicon-cell Pyranometer

$424.00
AA-100: Protective Carrying Case
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AA-100: Protective Carrying Case

$29.00
AL-120 Solar Mounting Bracket with Leveling Plate
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AL-120 Solar Mounting Bracket with Leveling Plate

$89.99
AL-100: Solar Sensor Leveling Plate
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AL-100: Solar Sensor Leveling Plate

$59.99
AM-310: Telescopic Sensor Wand
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AM-310: Telescopic Sensor Wand

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AM-330 Telescopic Water Submersible Sensor Wand
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AM-330 Telescopic Water Submersible Sensor Wand

$49.99
Apogee Instruments AL-210 Meter Leveling Plate/Mounting Bracket
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AL-210 :Meter Leveling Plate / Mounting Bracket

$79.00
The AM-001 Meter Mounting Bracket is designed for handheld meters with solar radiation sensors attached via cable (MQ-200, MQ-500, MU-200, MP-200). The bracket mounts the sensor to the back of the meter, as seen in the image to the right, making it easier for the user to take sample measurements with the sensor and meter.
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AM-001: Meter Mounting Bracket

$29.99
AC-110: Communication Adapter
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AC-110: Communication Adapter

$44.99
AC-100: Communication Cable
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AC-100: Communication Cable

$99.00
AB-100: Meter Battery
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AB-100: Meter Battery

$6.50
AC-421 SDI-12 to USB Converter
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AC-421 SDI-12 to USB Converter

$159.00

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    • Quantum (PAR & ePAR) Sensors / Meters
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    • Oxygen Sensors
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    • Temperature Sensors
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    • PAR Meters for Aquariums
    • UV Sensors
    • Guardian CEA Multi-Sensor Monitor
    • Photometric Sensor
    • Net Radiometer
    • Cloudburst Weighing Precipitation Gauge
    • microCache Bluetooth Micro Logger
    • Barometric Pressure
    • Solar Energy PV Monitoring
    • Accessories
    • Pyrgeometers
    • Red - Far-red and PAR-FAR Sensors
    • Aspirated Radiation Shield
    • Humidity Probes
    • Refurbished Products
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